Immigration in Brazil in the 19 - 20th centuries
Once abolition took hold in Brazil, planters and others who had previously owned slaves had to look elsewhere for their labor. This stimulated a remarkable surge in immigration, especially from the southern European countries Portugal, Spain, and Italy. These immigrants were skilled at a variety of crafts; they spoke Portuguese or a language that was similar enough to allow them to communicate; they were perceived as racially superior to the vast population of unemployed Afro-Brazilians; and as foreigners in desperate need of work they were seen as easy to control. Immigration, which grew throughout the late nineteenth century as coffee planters began to prefer free labor to slavery, spiked with slavery´s legislative abolition in the late 1880´s, before falling again. As the country finally moved towards industrialization at the turn of the twentieth century, local and urban labor was more commonly used and the number of immigrants fell. The demographics of immigration changed a...
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